Effective Communication

Background This report has been developed as a response to a Call For Proposals (CFP) to developing solutions for engineering problems.  According to World Health Organisation(WHO, 2019), safe and readily available water has always been one of the key goals globally. The article stated that the ‘United Nation(UN) General Assembly explicitly recognized the human right to water and sanitation’. This shows a huge emphasis had been placed on water quality. The consumption of water in Singapore is approximated 430 million gallons of water per day (The Straits Times, 2018). In the same article, it was stated that there are four sources of water supply in Singapore: local catchment water, imported water, NEWater and desalinated water; they each can only provide up to 10%, 60%, 30%, 25% of the water needs of the entire island country respectively. Singapore provides one of the highest quality of municipal water supply in its surrounding region. The quality of water is kept within ...

This report has been developed as a response to a call for proposals to developing solutions for engineering problems.  Singapore now constitutes of 4 water supply sources which contributed to the usage of 400million gallons of water in Singapore, namely local catchment water, imported water, NEWater and desalinated water (The Straits Times, 2018). Currently, local catchment water, imported water, NEWater and desalinated water each can only meet 10%,60%,30%,25% of the Singapore water needs respectively. Our daily water consumption is based on the 4 water sources. Household water supply in Kulai are cut off due to the ‘ammonia-contaminated water flowing into the Sayong River – one of the creeks that supply raw water to the Johor River’. Although Singapore water supply was not affected, this could be one of the potential causes that can affect water quality in the water supply source.  Singapore provides one of the highest quality of municipal water supply in its surroundi...

In the article “Smart Buildings: What 'smart' really means”, Lecomte (2019) states that having certification with standardized metrics is fundamental for smart buildings to wholly emerge in the "built environment". According to the article, the lack of unanimity from various stakeholders has delayed the drafting of standardized rubrics. Hence, private and public sectors design their own metrics to assess smart buildings but their rubrics vary from one another. However, the article also states that current private and public metrics have been unsuccessful in tackling the complicated and expanding aspect that buildings will perform in "smart cities". Lecomte emphasizes that the cyber-risks caused by technologies incorporated in smart buildings should be the crucial element of “smartness for all stakeholders” as cyber threats "increase exponentially" along with more advanced and integrated technology in smart buildings. Lecomte concludes that holis...

In the article “Smart Buildings: What 'smart' really means”, Lecomte (2019) states that having certification with standardized metrics is fundamental for smart buildings to wholly emerge in the "built environment". According to the article, the lack of unanimity from various stakeholders has delayed the drafting of standardized rubrics. Hence, private and public sectors design their own metrics to assess smart buildings but their rubrics vary from one another. However, the article also states that current private and public metrics have been unsuccessful in tackling the complicated and expanding aspect that buildings will perform in "smart cities". Lecomte emphasizes that one crucial component needed to be included in the standardized rubrics will be cyber risk management as cyber threats "increase exponentially" along with more advanced and integrated technology in smart buildings. Lecomte concludes that holistic and reliable "smart building...

In the article “Smart Buildings: What 'smart' really means”, Lecomte (2019) states that having certification with standardized metrics is fundamental for smart buildings to wholly emerge in the "built environment". According to the article, the lack of unanimity from various stakeholders has delayed the drafting of standardized rubrics. Hence, private and public sectors design their own metrics to assess smart buildings but their rubrics vary from one another. However, the article also states that current private and public metrics have been unsuccessful in tackling the complicated and expanding aspect that buildings will perform in "smart cities". Lecomte emphasizes that one crucial component needed to be included in the standardized rubrics will be cyber risk management as cyber threats "increase exponentially" along with more advanced and integrated technology in smart buildings. Lecomte concludes that holistic and reliable "smart building...